Renaissance in Middle Ages

In many eras, events happened as a reaction, and often an overreaction, to events of the prior era. In the Middle Ages, a proper education was extremely rare for the common people. As a reaction to the Middle Ages, in the early renaissance, there was a strong focus on a classical education consisting of Greek, Latin, the classics, and art. As the population and economy grew and books became more readily available, people became disillusioned with the impractical classical education, demanding an education leading to practical professions. In the early renaissance, emphasis was redirected from clerical to secular life. The secular humanist idea held that the church should not rule civic matters, but should guide only spiritual matters. The church disdained the accumulation of wealth and worldly goods, supported a strong but limited education, and believed that moral and ethical behavior was dictated by scripture. Humanists, however, believed that wealth enabled them to do fine, noble deeds, that good citizens needed a good, well-rounded education, and that moral and ethical issues were related more to secular society than to spiritual concerns. Humanists paid close attention to classical studies because most of the humanist philosophy was based on Greek and Roman ideas. In addition to the study of Latin and Greek, a classical education consisted of scientific matters, government, rhetoric, philosophy and art. In the Middle Ages, the church discouraged education to keep people under the control of the church. People were guided by the teachings of the church and had little opinion to what was being told to them. Books were also very costly and were mostly written in Latin, an unfamiliar language to the common people. People were taught Greek and Latin so that they could understand the books available to them. In 1445, Gutenberg invented the printing press, making books more plentiful and therefore affordable for the educated middle class. They also began printing books in European languages. By the late stages of the renaissance, the population started to rise dramatically and the economy started to boom. With a larger population, more merchants and tradesman and other people with practical skills were needed. With books more readily available, people demanded books in the many languages of Europe. As a result, the concentration in education focused on local languages, practical mathematics, science and trades. Although the renaissance reversed the practices of medieval times by restoring education in the classics and gave rebirth to independent thought, the masses demanded a redirection of education to practical and useful skills. The focus on humanism forced the Church to play a secondary role in peoples† lives. Despite the changes in education and philosophy during the renaissance, Europe eventually molded itself into a well-rounded society.

Compare and Contrast Essay Between Beowulf and the Hobbit

I just this day finished reading A COMPANION TO BEOWULF by my friend and classmate Ruth Johnson. It was remarkably clear, well written, concise, and chock full of fascinating insights and observations. Let me in particular remark on her last chapter, which concerned Tolkien and Beowulf. I had not heretofore been aware of how large a figure JRR Tolkien loomed in the scholarship of the epic poem BEOWULF, nor what a great influence his seminal essay The Monster and the Critics, had in turning the attention of the academic world from the historical to the literary merits of the poem.Ruth Johnson makes the argument that Lord of the Rings is an updated version of BEOWULF. No, not the events, but the world, the worldview, the motif, the techniques, and especially the approach toward religion. It is to be noted that many critics faulted Tolkien for not including anywhere in Middle Earth any description or hint of rituals, rites, temples and cults with adorn the vivid backdrops of other works of fantasy.Except for a few indirect hints that there is a High God somewhere, and angelic powers the elves revere, Lord of the Rings is perhaps unique among fantasies in that there is no mention of the religious side of society or the spiritual side of man. But, of course, Tolkien is not unique: he is following BEOWULF. The poet of BEOWULF (so Tolkien interpreted the evidence) wished to depict his pre-Christian ancestors in the admirable light men are right to have for their ancestors, but without attributing to them a Christian faith they could not have had.In these modern times, when Christian and Postchristian struggle for the souls of men, and the popular picture of the Christian is of a book-burner rather than the preserver of pagan literature, it is often hard to recall the respect with which the Christian imagination held their pagan fore-bearers and preserved their works. One need only open any random page of Dante or Milton, for example, to see the thickly clustered refer ences to pagan myths reflected with considerably more reverence than more modern and sarcastic depictions of the gods of old.As with Roman Christian and the classical pagans, so with Old English and his Norse fathers, at least in this case. The way the poet of BEOWULF handled the delicate matter of showing the old days and the old ways as noble but, deprived of Christ, doomed, was to pass over the differences in a pregnant silence, and yet emphasizing those cardinal virtues that pagans and Christian alike admire, particularly fortitude and honor. So too here did Tolkien with his Middle Earth and their peoples: the foremost virtue emphasized again and again in Tolkien was the Beowulfian virtue of continuing a fight even after all hope is exhausted.The melancholy pronouncements of gloom and doom are scattered throughout the War of the Ring, yet also match the elegiac quality of Beowulf’s last battle against the dragon of the barrow, and much of the tone in side tales mentioned in Beowulf. The Beowulfian attitude toward fate or ‘Wyrd’ seems a blend of the pagan notion of inescapable fate woven by the Three Sisters, or the Christian notion of fate as the decree and will of God. A similar attitude might be detected in Middle Earth.Frodo nowhere lauds the fact that it is his free choice to carry the burden of the cursed One Ring, as, for example, Neo from THE MATRIX does in the climax of that trilogy. Instead, the wise Gandalf tells Frodo that Bilbo was â€Å"meant† to find the Ring, as if by some divine will above and beyond the will of any creature in Middle Earth, even Sauron the Dark Lord. Meant by whom? As in Beowulf, it is not said, but the silence implies something like ‘Wyrd’ or the will of heavenly powers.Tolkien borrowed so much from Beowulf and the Old English, that the description of Medusheld (Mead-Hall) in Rohan might be taken as the twin of Hereot. Unferth, who sits at the feet of Hrothgar and scorns Beowulf at his first appearing in the great hall, is somewhat parallel to Grima, who sits likewise and scorns Gandalf as a storm-crow and a meddler in others’ affairs. Many readers (include myself) have called Lord of the Rings a ‘medieval’ fantasy, but this is a gross misnomer. There is not a single Arthurian figure in Middle Earth, nor any such armor or arms or equipment as might a knight of the High Middle Ages have used.The men are in hauberks and iron caps, as in Beowulf, usually carrying spears. The fantasy is Old English in setting, Danish and Beowulfian, England of the time of Alfred the Great; but also the scenes in Gondor might be imagined as if some northern hero visited the great and ancient cities, cities builded of stone and gold, of Rome or great and once-invulnerable Constantinople. The Shire itself is redolent of a high medieval period, some idealized squirearchy, but Rohan is entirely in the mood and atmosphere of Beowulf.In Beowulf, the elves or ‘yl fas’ are listed along with ‘ettins’ and ‘orcs’ (elves, giants, demons) as being descendents of Cain, exiled by God for his kin-slaying (a crime the Norse held in particular horror) and therefore, even as lesser clans must feud and retaliate endlessly, so the Sons of Cain with the race of moral men, descended of Seth and Noah. While the orcs and other monsters in Tolkien are creatures innately evil, no more to be reasoned with nor spared than Grendel, the elves are not quite the Liosalfar of Norse myth, albeit they are more akin to this than to the diminutive sprites of MIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAM.In olden times, northern people found stone arrowheads, or saw evidence of heart attacks or madness that seemed without cause, and blamed the unseen people, the elves, who were not necessarily cruel and wicked, but they had no concern for the things of men, and went their ways invisibly. Something of this mood is present in Tolkien’s elves, albeit he makes them both more manlike, and something like a prelapsarian man still at one with nature, to suit his purposes. The dwarves of Tolkien, on the other hand, could have stepped out of central casting from a Wagner Opera, and the names are taken unchanged from the Eddas.It may be useful for a moment to contrast the free peoples of Middle Earth with the other fantasies from Tolkien’s generation and before, in order to emphasize a point easy to be lost in our modern Dungeons and Dragons generation: namely, that elves and trolls and dwarves are purely Norse and Beowulfish in origin. Tolkien took them from the world of Beowulf and made that world and no other the staple of fantasy worlds. Tolkien made the ylfas and orcs and ettins into the elves and dwarves and trolls we now tend to think of as trite stereotypes of an overly-plowed field.But you will in vain seek their like in THE WORM OUROBOROS by ER Eddison, nor in LUD-IN-THE-MIST by Hope Mirrlees, nor in anything written by James Branch Cabell nor William Morris nor Lord Dunsany nor Clarke Ashton Smith nor William Hope Hodgson nor William Beckford nor Arthur Machen nor the great Robert E. Howard in any writer in that genre that used to be called fantasy before the coming of Tolkien. These peoples and creatures entered the common imagination from the forgotten north of the world through the pen of JRR Tolkien.Turning for a moment to the Hobbit, we see the dragon Smaug circled on gold in his buried hold in much the same manner as the dragon of Beowulf. Both are stirred to outrage by the theft of a trifle from their greed-gathered horde, a gold cup. Both rise up in flame and wrath to burn nearby homesteads. It is an entirely Norse conception of a dragon. The dragon slain in myth by Saint George was no hoarder of gold; Nagas of the East and Liang of the Far East are different beasties entirely, albeit called dragons in our language.One artistic technique the poet of Beowulf used was to interpolate referen ces to even earlier events and sagas into the matter of the poem. Early critics of Beowulf thought this a structural weakness, or even evidence of two or three poets cobbling disjointed earlier material together. But a close attention to the matter perhaps shows the poet meaning to draw out parallels and contrasts between the ancient events and the struggle in Hereot, or the dark mere, or the barrow. It gives the poem, which was meant to be antiquarian at the time it was ritten, a richness of depth, by depicting a world of many layers of ever receding time. Behind every treasure sword and necklace, there is a tale, and weapons have names and histories even as great households and heroes and the lineages do. Tolkien is often complimented on the richness of the detail, the sense of many ages piled up behind the event in the current War of the Ring; but what he did was to copy Beowulf, and use the same technique, giving names to swords and remarking on the histories of towers and lands until the weight of history settles into the imagination of the reader.I contrast it with, for example, Homer’s ILIAD, where the technique is not used. Aside from the armor of Narses, I cannot recall the history of any weapon being recounted among the Greek. It is purely Norse touch. Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings seems a real world because so often mention is made of former days and older ways, and the tale is of the passing away of things with deep roots who once stood long in their places.Finally, the world itself, the Middle Earth, is merely the Old English word for Midgard, the world suspended halfway between the dark of hell and the light of heaven. The melancholy of the passing away of the older world was also a theme in BEOWULF, in the ears of the listeners even if we cannot hear it today. The English poet set his tale amid Danish lands and centuries (even at that time) long gone by. The old ways were past, and the new had come. The poet says farewell to the worl d of Beowulf even as he writes his saga.In much the same way, JRR Tolkien says farewell to the world and worldview that passed away before and during the Great War in Europe, the death of the days when the world was alive and elves lurked unseen in the twilight, the death of faith and faithfulness, the passing away of kings and heroes and all things ancient and fine, and the final triumph of the smoggy mediocrity of Mordor. Part of the reason for the fame of his book is that many folk share the sentiment of elegy, and wish, with Professor Tolkien, to say farewell to a world nobler than our own.

Formal Outline Template

GUIDE TO FORMAL OUTLINING I. The outline should be in sentence form. A. That means that each section of the outline must be a complete sentence B. Each part may only have one sentence in it. II. Each Roman numeral should be a main section of the speech. A. Capital letters are main points of the thesis. 1. Numbers are sub-points under the capital letters. 2. Little letters are sub-points under the numbers. B. Sub-points need to correspond with the idea it is under. 1. This means that capital letters refer to the idea in roman numerals. 2. This means that numbers refer to the idea in the capital letter.III. All sub-points should be indented the same. A. This means that all of the capital letters are indented the same. B. All numbers are indented the same. IV. No sub-point stands alone. A. Every A must have a B. B. Every 1 must have a 2. C. You don’t need to have a C or a 3, but you can. D. There are no exceptions to this rule. Your speech outline should look something like the o ne in the sample. Your outline will also include the full sentence details of your speech, including source citations. The number of sub-points will differ in each speech and for each main idea. FORMAL SENTENCE OUTLINE FORMATStudent’s Name: Date: Topic: General Purpose: Specific Purpose: Key statement that describes the topic of your speech To inform OR To persuade Your specific purpose identifies the information you want to communicate (in an informative speech) or the attitude or behavior you want to change (in a persuasive speech). The central idea of your speech (should predict, control and obligate). Thesis: I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Something that grabs the attention of the audience. Examples of this: startling statistics, stories, rhetorical questions, quotations, scenarios, etc. This point should be more than one entence long. Why should the audience listen to your speech, make it personal to each of them. Exact same statement as above. B. Reason to Listen: C. D. Thesis Statement: Credibility Statement: 1. 2. What personally connects you to this topic? What type of research have you done to establish credibility? E. Preview of Main Points: 1. 2. 3. First, I will describe †¦ Second, I will examine †¦ Third, I will discuss†¦ II. Restate thesis, exact statement as above. A. Statement of the first main point; you should not use a source in this sentence. 1. Idea of development or support for the first main point a.Support material (ex: statistics, quotation, etc. – cite source) b. Support material (ex: statistics, quotation, etc. – cite source) 2. More development or support a. b. Support material (ex: statistics, quotation, etc. – cite source) Support material (ex: statistics, quotation, etc. – cite source) 3. Transition: More development if needed (Required) Statement of movement that looks back (internal summary) and looks forward (preview). Statement of second main point. Do not use a source in this statement. 1. Idea of development or support for the first main point a. b. . Support material (ex: statistics, quotation, etc. – cite source) Support material (ex: statistics, quotation, etc. – cite source) B. More development or support a. b. Support material (ex: statistics, quotation, etc. – cite source) Support material (ex: statistics, quotation, etc. – cite source) 3. Transition: More development if needed (Required) Statement of movement that looks back (internal summary) and looks forward (preview). Statement of third main point. Do not use a source in this statement. 1. Idea of development or support for the first main point a. b. . Support material (ex: statistics, quotation, etc. – cite source) Support material (ex: statistics, quotation, etc. – cite source) C. More development or support a. b. 3. Support material (ex: statistics, quotation, etc. – cite source) Support material (ex: statistics, quotation, etc. â₠¬â€œ cite source) More development if needed III. Conclusion A. Review of Main Points: 1. 2. 3. B. C. Restate your first main point. Restate your second main point. Restate you third main point. Exact same as above. Develop a creative closing that will give the speech a sense of ending.This point may be more than one sentence. You should refer back to your AttentionGetter. Restate Thesis: Closure: References APA format; all references need to be sited in APA format. Electronic sources must be . edu, . gov, or . org in order to be acceptable. Be sure to make sure that the references are in Alphabetical order. Double-Spaced; all references should be double-spaced and indented. Five source minimum: You must have at least five sources cited in your outline and listed on your reference page. Make sure to provide all necessary information in the references.

How the World Empires of the late Iron Age Near East (Assyria, Essay

How the World Empires of the late Iron Age Near East (Assyria, Babylon, Persia) fundamentally reshaped the political and socia - Essay Example This civilization started with the Sumerians at about 5000 BC and continued through the bronze and iron ages until the conquest by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC or Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. In fact, the iron age, the final technological and cultural stage in the Stone–Bronze–Iron-Age sequence, started in the Ancient Near East in about 1300 BC (Waldbaum 1978). During the Iron Age, there were several regional powers, each vying for dominance of the region. These powers include the kingdoms of Assyria, Babylonia, Luwian, Aramaic, Urartu and the Persian Empires. Following the reforms of Tiglath-Pileser III, Assyria assumed a position of great regional power, competing with its southern Mesopotamian rival Babylonia. The Persian Empire at the height of its power, rule over significant portions of Greater Iran. It was the largest empire of classical antiquity, spanning three continents that include Asia Minor, Thrace, many of the Black Sea, Iraq, northern Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, and all significant population centers of ancient Egypt as far west and east as Libya, Afghanistan, parts of Pakistan, and Central Asia. These kingdoms were, indeed, center of civilization (Waldbaum 1978). They were the first to practice intensive year-round agriculture by taking advantage of the accessible water supply, which provide water for irrigation, and the ideal climate. They also gave the rest of the world the first system of writing in addition to inventing the potter’s wheel and the vehicular- and mill wheel. Notable among their influence in history and contribution to civilization is their centralized system of government, law codes, social stratification, and organized warfare. In fact, the idea of political or legal authority is exerted or coordinated by a de facto political executive (king) to which all other authorities must submit have its root in the Ancient Near East. Furthermore, these empires gave th e world the first codified legal system. The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi provides an example: â€Å"If any one ensnares another, putting a ban upon him, but he cannot prove it, then he that ensnared him shall be put to death.† Their tax structure, which was basically rent, was apparently based on the principle that all of the conquered lands were the actual property of the king. One of their most influential contributions is their religious thoughts. For instance, the cosmogonies of Egypt, Babylonia, Phoenicia, and Anatolia were transmitted in part to the West and formed the basis of much of the cosmogonies of Hesiod and the Orphics before 600 BC, as well as the background for the cosmogonies of Thales and Anaximander in the 6th century BC (Encyclop?dia Britannica). In addition, the religious tradition of the Near East Kingdom also influenced Pythagorean and Platonic thinking. Furthermore Stoic philosophy was influenced by Babylonian astrology. As mentioned above, the empire s of the Near East are reputed for their centralized system of government. At the center of government was the Kings, known as king of kings. His court is composed of powerful hereditary landholders, the upper echelons of the army, the harem, religious functionaries, and the bureaucracy that administered the whole (Encyclop?dia Britannica). The provinces were administered by governors, appointed by the king of kings. The

Unfair Terms in a Contract Act 1977 and Regulations Essay

Unfair Terms in a Contract Act 1977 and Regulations - Essay Example The protection has been increased by the Unfair Terms in a Consumer Contract Regulations 1999 (UTCCR). These regulations have strengthened the net of consumer protection by incorporating unfair terms. The essay will provide a brief over the look of the two pieces of legislation and go into detail of the protection that they both provide. It will then explain the need for the double requirement and finally, conclude with the proposal for the future. The introduction of UCTA introduced a significant addition to the mechanism for the governing of exemption clauses (Poole, 2008, 281). Provision for the controlling of exemption clauses was originally only through an implied term under the Supply of Goods (Implied Terms) Act 1973 (now s.55 Sale of Goods Act 1979). UCTA now incorporates more extensive controls to a wide array of contract varieties and allows the court for the first time to have a general and direct means of control over exemption clauses (Poole, 2008, 281). The main advanta ge of the act is the power to render exemption clauses either totally unenforceable or unenforceable unless shown to be reasonable. UTCCR have added to the powers of UCTA. The regulations provide that ‘unfair terms’ in a contract concluded between a ‘seller or supplier’ and a ‘consumer’ will not be binding on the consumer (Poole, 2008, 282). This means that the regulations will only be binding in the context of ‘consumer contracts’, but is not restrained by exemption clause but extends to unfair terms. A popular misconception is that UCTA applies to all exemption clauses, this is not the case. UCTA only applies to business liability, the liability covers breaches of obligations or duties arising from 1) things done or to be done by a person in the course of a business, or 2) from the occupation of premises used for the business purposes of the occupier (s.1(3) UCTA) (Koffman and Macdonald, 2007, 211).

Ethics and Social Responsiility of Corporations Essay

Ethics and Social Responsiility of Corporations - Essay Example Also because there is such a flux occurring , in individuals mind sets regarding their values , norms and belief systems which build up the ethical responsibility list , that it seems as if no individual could ever reach a point where , he/she would be able to describe a perfect list of ethics , ethical responsibility. In the Author's views Schools don't aid students nowadays, in learning or sustaining proper ethical behaviors. So, that they would be able to cope with the global environment. There exists a blame game, which initiates at a point where the business schools are blamed by some. Blamed, for not grooming their students in the right manner in terms of ethical value realization, and responsibilities. When it is time to take responsibility, then we see this Blame hat shifting from individuals to individuals, organizations, teams and groups of individuals. Employees are observed blaming the management for their workload and pressure, the management on the other hand blames the external environment, the competitive forces which are global. There are larger organizations blaming the environment as they believe that, in failing to co ordinate and innovate with the changing trends and patterns of organizations globally would mean bringing the organizations on the brink of extinction. The managements cannot be blamed, neither can the employees, suppliers, or consumers .Globalization has enveloped us all rather quickly and so we all need to cope up with this notion in our individual ways, at our distinct levels. This era of Globalisation has changed a lot many do's and don'ts in the ethical value record book. Because every individual is part of this, the blame will eventually fall to all. Every organization, or an individual on their own have distinct roles in society. So, each is seen playing their parts. Arguments on, whether child labor is acceptable or not Does pollution in third world countries promote employment for individuals Is the meaning of good ethical behavior this that we justify all acts of ours through our views of what seems ethical If management set minimum employee wages, the organization can prosper because of the fact that the organization would be able to sell at cheaper costs thus increasing market shares rapidly. It seems that there is an erosion of the less privileged. This has further shifted our notions in the 'I' direction. We can see characters building up the set of individual ethical mindsets, and values and so we raise a question of whether characters can be built Characters those are responsible ethically. All these and many more arguments have now initiated at distinct forums. Organizations, researchers and individuals are now looking at another picture, how we can comprehend what these changing values, and characters, behaviors and ideas are mounting up to. The traditional views and arguments are all now being overseen by new values, perceptions and belief systems. And so we see that a fresher look is being given to Ethics and Ethical responsibility and education, at distinct levels.It is now, considered essential for all individuals, organizations o look at ethics and define our ethical culture, and value system in a manner that would aid us in critically evaluating our Positions at various levels i.e. of organizational, employee level etc. It is vital that all courses that are designed at

How Can a Child with ADHD Be Supported And Included In School Essay

How Can a Child with ADHD Be Supported And Included In School Education - Essay Example Potential teacher factors which might be important to consider in such compatibility equations are discussed, along with the implications of these variables for school-based assessment and intervention processes and future research. A substantial literature on children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has accumulated over the past 2 decades. An impressive portion of this literature has addressed the difficulties students with ADHD experience in school classrooms and the efficacy of interventions to minimize these difficulties. Medication and behaviour management procedures remain the two most commonly employed school-based interventions for children with ADHD (Rapport, 1992, 155-163). Due to well-documented limitations associated with both strategies, some combination of the two is generally accepted as the optimal approach to treatment. Nevertheless, an increasingly common finding in studies which examine the efficacy of such a combined approach to treatment is the considerable variability in treatment response among individual students (Pelham, 1993). As such, a case-by-case assessment of treatment ingredients and potencies is necessary (Abramowitz, 1994; Hoza, 1992). Hence, successful sch ool outcomes for students with ADHD depend upon the degree to which treatment components and potencies match the needs of particular children. This "match" between treatment and student may best be conceptualized as a "compatibility equation" (in this case, student-treatment compatibility) in which characteristics of both child and treatment are taken into consideration in planning treatment and evaluating outcome. Studies examining student response to treatment can be criticized for an almost singular focus on treatment ingredients, as well as a relative neglect of student characteristics that may mediate treatment outcome. Yet perhaps the most striking limitation of school-based treatment outcome research has been the lack of consideration of teacher characteristics that may have a significant bearing on outcome. Two additional compatibility equations --teacher-treatment compatibility (the match between different teachers and different treatment ingredients and potencies) and student-teacher compatibility (the match between a particular teacher and a particular student with ADHD with regard to a variety of factors) -- have been virtually ignored. This article suggests that a more adequate and predictive model from which to conceptualize classroom outcome for students with ADHD will be one in which "teacher factors" are given greater consideration. Goodness-of-Fit and System Theory The terms compatibility and match can be traced most directly to the goodness-of-fit literature (Thomas, 1998). Goodness-of-fit is a concept that has been applied productively to child-care-giver interactions (Bell & Harper, 2003; Thomas & Chess, 2001); several authors have noted that the concept may be relevant to child-teacher

Parental Perspectives Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 19000 words

Parental Perspectives - Dissertation Example This study has broadened my thought process, my zeal, inner strength, passion, knowledge, and focus on how I can help our youth discover what it takes to reach their educational goals. I also dedicate this dissertation to all those that are close to my heart: my husband, children, parents, family, and friends that supported me through this process. Their support has allowed me to climb to the mountaintop in accomplishing my goals and to continue fulfilling the desires of my heart. I owe a special thanks to my wonderful children, Jermaay and Cladorian, who are my pride and joy. Thank you for sacrificing your wants and needs and for being patient with mommy. To Floyd, my loving husband, who listened, supported and made many sacrifices for me during this difficult process; I deeply thank you. Acknowledgments This dissertation took more commitment and devotion than I ever imagined and I could not have done it by myself. So many people helped me through this challenging time of my educational journey. I am truly thankful for the grace that God bestowed upon me over these past three years. I am very grateful and honored to have such a supporting family, friends, church and cohort who provided constant encouragement. I must acknowledge my wonderful mentor, Dr. April Flanagan, who came to my rescue in the midst of my uncertainties in my research plan. I started research for my dissertation in Atlanta, Georgia, with a solid foundation and then my husband received military orders to transfer to Okinawa, Japan for three years. As a result, my research topic had to change, and I was forced to switch my focus and start over. Dr. Flanagan was a true asset in the writing of my dissertation, due to her extensive experience... This phenomenological study investigates how parents perceive their involvement in student learning. Kohls, Stafford, and Miller (2003) assert that public dissatisfaction, international comparisons and the skills needed for the 21st-century workforce â€Å"by policy makers, parents, the business community and the public have resulted in demands that schools be held accountable for learning† (p. 1). In Okinawa, Japan, the language barrier restricts military and government civilian parents of non-Japanese speaking children from entering the more challenging domestic school systems (O. Lee, August 11, 2005, personal communication). The expense of registration and monthly tuition fees for private and Japanese public schools is another issue that military and government civilian families encounter if they choose not to use the provided school system available (Military Resources & Benefits, n.d.). Parents’ expectations about their role in their children's education are essential to student learning and academic success. When parents believe their children are not receiving the best education possible, the reason is often that they feel powerless to do anything about it other than basic home intervention (Bloom, 1992). For example, parents are establishing goals and possibilities for their children to become academically successful, such as seeking technical support through computerized tutorials when questions occur on schoolwork or allowing the child to call a fellow classmate or searching the text for guidance.

Compareable between lean and six sigma Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Compareable between lean and six sigma - Article Example Thus this paper will identify the weaknesses and strengths of both Six Sigma and lean and the ways in which they compliment each other. Six Sigma and lean are among the two most commonly used continuous improvement tools (Mousa, 2013, p. 1137). Lean originated out of the Toyota Production System and its focus is on the elimination of waste in production which begins from the time an order is placed and ends when the order is delivered (Pojasek, 2003, p. 85). Six Sigma was introduced by the Motorola Corporation and is designed to eliminate variations in production and services and their processes so that defects are reduced and customer satisfaction is improved (Desai, 2006). In other words, lean focuses on reducing waste, while Six Sigma focuses on reducing defects. Therefore, it has been suggested that when lean and Six Sigma philosophies are combined an organization may benefit from significant improvements in a short period of time at a significantly reduced cost (Mousa, 2013, p. 1137). This paper will compare and contrast Six Sigma and Lean with a view to demonstrating their compatibility and differences for continuous improvement. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part of this paper presents a review of literature on lean and Six Sigma. The second part of this paper provides a comparison of the two philosophies. The third part of this paper will discuss the implications for practice and the final part of this paper will make suggestions for further studies. Lean is a philosophical approach to managing production and consist of facilitating a system for eliminating or reducing waste and any activity that does not add value for the end customer (Dora, Kumar, Goubergen, Molnar, & Gellynck, 2013). At its core, lean is a continuous improvement technique focused on â€Å"just-in-time (JIT), quality systems and team works† (Wong, Wong, & Ali, 2009, p.

Preparedness Homeland Security 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Preparedness Homeland Security 2 - Essay Example The New York subway system is governed by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). It has 468 stations in its network. It has over 840 miles of track that service approximately 5.1 million passengers per week. In 2007, The New York subway system was ranked number 4 amongst the worlds transit system with a massive 1.563 billion riders per year. In 2009 subways cars were reported to travel 344.5 million miles per week with 8,279 miles per day being covered by 6,380 cars (Subways, p. 1). The subway system is massive and very vulnerable. A transportation system of this size is evidently significant to the operation of New York City on a day to day basis. This is an unfortunate acknowledgement that is apparent in terrorist attacks. Al-Qaeda associates openly plead guilty to plotting severe attacks on the Metropolitan subway system in 2009. The MTA: The MTA has had no reason in the past to afford special conditions on behalf of terrorism. The subway stations have had no need to sanction high end security to avoid bomb attacks. This ultimately makes an attack by suicide bombers an element of surprise. A surprise attack has the quality of being able to do massive amounts of damage with little resources. Being located underground is not a positive outlook when dealing with bomb threats. Bombs have the capacity to cause a massive collapse of the railway structures. Dependant on the type of explosive being used and where these explosives are located in the MTA system, there can be enough collateral damage to corrupt the entire underground network. The major issue that is presented with any public transportation is accessibility. Any local person can use the facilities at any given time. In the case of the New York underground railway terrorists are afforded a twenty-four hour gap to engage in any attack. They have access from any publicly available entrance during the process of each attack. They also have locations to choose from. This

Dualism by Plato and Descartes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dualism by Plato and Descartes - Assignment Example Whereas for Descartes, so has to be integrated with the body for it to function while Plato thought that the soul ought to be separated from the body so that it can think better. For Plato, the soul has already a â€Å"pure and perfect† knowledge even before the birth of the body and it is at its thinking best when it is in this condition without the distraction of everyday life. While Descartes thought the soul is necessary to animate the body, Plato thought that the soul is in its â€Å"ideal† condition when it is separated from the body upon death.Considering this viewpoint of Plato that the soul has already a perfect knowledge even before it was born to a body, provides human experience with moral value because the soul already has this moral predisposition even before it was born into a body. Cartesian dualism provides us the confidence that this moral predisposition has its use when the soul animates the body because it provides human endeavor a sense of rectitude .

Micro Small and Medium Enterprise Essay Example for Free

Micro Small and Medium Enterprise Essay Some of these hurdles comprise of inefficacy of SMEs to access continued development and success. Lack of Finance: One of the crucial factors that prompts in the success or failure of enterprise is technology. The best use of technology no doubt enables enterprise in reducing cost of production, maintain consistency in quality, improve productivity and finally develop the competitiveness of the enterprise. Lack of technology: One of the crucial factors that prompts in the success or failure of enterprise is technology. The best use of technology no doubt enables enterprise in reducing cost of production, maintain consistency in quality, improve productivity and finally develop the competitiveness of the enterprise. Lack of Knowledge: Â  Lack of knowledge and information about the various schemes announced by the government. Lackof Marketing Assistance: One of the chief problems that they do not have marketing expertise or not in a position to hire someone who can jazz up their sales. Paucity of marketing support and limitation of the resources is a characteristic of all SMEs. In this framework the discussion focuses on SMEs typical traits and how these effect upon marketing characteristics within SMEs. When it comes to marketing of products or services internationally, any small or medium company is always constrained by its scarcity of budgets, which in turn limits its growth. A B2B marketplace is a platform where sellers can list thei businesses free of cost and leverage the power of internet. Not only they solve companies problem of reach to the buyers worldwide, the online marketplace also support their communication needs and help them display an array of products. Lack of right staff: Last but not the least SMEs are largely dependent on their staffs, if you fail in the recruitment process, you fail indeed. SMEs must hire right employees, who give their best and support the enterprise through their performances Lack of planning: Another problem that is mainly faced by SME sector is the proper division of time, which is usually the outcome of improper planning and strategy. Moreover, if you are in debt then you have to be careful from your bankers and suppliers and off course your employees who will be on your nerves on the salary day

Management of Childhood Psoriasis with Acitretin

Management of Childhood Psoriasis with Acitretin Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin which can occur at any age-group. Psoriasis in childhood is not uncommon and has genetic susceptibility but usually an environmental trigger such as infection is thought to initiate the disease process. Childhood psoriasis has profound effects on both physical and psychosocial health of the patient. Treatment of mild psoriasis can be done with topical therapies but those which do not respond to topical therapies can be treated with phototherapy and systemic therapies. The use of systemic therapies in childhood is mainly based on the published data, case series, expert opinion and the experience as there is lack of controlled trials in the age group. Based on the experience retinoid are probably the second line drugs for the treatment of childhood psoriasis which do not respond to topical therapies and phototherapy. Using acitretin in a low dose and with proper physical examinations and laboratory investigations will reduce the h azard of potential serious adverse events. This article gives the review of use of acitretin in the childhood psoriasis. INTRODUCTION: Psoriasis is the chronic inflammatory disease of the skin having the world wide prevalence of 1-3% and is clinically characterized by erythematous papules and plaques covered with silvery scales(1, 2). Psoriasis can occur at any age. Psoriasis in pediatric population is not uncommon and exerts a major impact on physical and psycho-social health of a child. In about one-third of the psoriatic population, the onset of disease is seen during the pediatric age(3). In a study of 419 patients from Northern India, the age of onset of psoriasis ranged from 4 days to 14 years(4). The presence of positive family history was found to be 23% and 34.3% in two different studies(5, 6). Pediatric psoriasis has the genetic susceptibility but the environmental factors often trigger the initiation of the disease process. The most common triggering factors include respiratory infection, sore throat, stress and trauma. There are different variants of psoriasis in children like plaque, guttate, napkin, er ythrodermic, pustular and nail psoriasis(2). Plaque psoriasis is the most common subtype and the pustular psoriasis is the least common subtype(7). Psoriasis in childhood and adolescence require proper management. Both the patient and the parents must be given the knowledge about the disease and its nature. Psoriasis in childhood affects the health-related quality of life. It is found that, the risk of mental illness like depression and anxiety is increased in children with psoriasis than those without psoriasis(8). Due to the presence of visible skin lesions the children with psoriasis suffer from the low self-esteem(9). Fortunately, childhood psoriasis is usually mild and can be treated with topical therapies. Systemic treatment is required only if the disease do-not respond to topical therapies, phototherapy and if the disease is significantly impairing the psychosocial aspect of the child health. Systemic therapies for psoriasis in children are not approved by FDA. Due to the lack of controlled trials use of systemic therapies are based on case reports, published data and expert opinion. On the basis of published data and experience retinoids appear to be the second-line drug of choice for children(10). ACITRETIN: Retinoids encompasses all the compounds either natural or synthetic, which possess the biological activity like vitamin A(11). Synthetic Retinoids are classified into three generations. Acitretin and etretinate are the second generation synthetic retinoids and are also known as aromatic retinoids(12, 13). Acitretin is the free and active metabolite of etretinate. Etretinate is strongly lipophilic and tends to accumulate more in the adipose tissue and thus has a longer elimination half-life, in contrast acitretin is less lipophilic and thus clears rapidly from the body and has the shorter elimination half-life(14).Intake with food increases the absorption of acitretin so, the bioavailability of acitretin is more when taken with food than on the empty stomach(15). Due to the longer elimination half-life of etretinate it has been largely replaced by acitretin. However, it is found that re-esterification of acitretin to etretinate can take place with the concomitant intake of alcohol. So , the female patient especially of childbearing age should be strictly instructed to not take alcohol during the period of treatment with and 2 months after the completion of treatment (16). USE IN PEDIATRIC PSORIASIS: Pediatric psoriasis is usually mild and topical therapies are the first choice of treatment. Systemic therapy is not the first choice in childhood psoriasis. It is used in the treatment of recalcitrant psoriasis which do not respond to topical therapy, phototherapy and if it is significantly impairing the psychosocial aspects of the child health. Due to the lack of controlled trials, the use of acitretin is based on the published data, case reports and the expert opinion. However, the significant risk benefit of the treatment should always be weighed with the risk of disease without treatment. Long term use of acitretin in children with inherited disorder of keratinization supports the safety of acitretin in children, but the monitoring is always required(17). Acitretin is used effectively in the treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis, palmoplantar psoriasis and severe recalcitrant plaque psoriasis but acitretin is not effective in psoriatic arthropathy( 12, 18). Acitretin is used as either monotherapy or in combination with topical agents and narrowband ultraviolet phototherapy. In a multicenter cohort study by Ergun et al. 61 patients among 289 patients were treated with acitretin at a dose of 0.3-0.5 mg/kg/day with the mean duration of treatment being 9.16+-9.06 months. 47.5% of the patient achieved at least PASI- 75 response. 70.7% of the patient well tolerated the treatment with no side effects. 25.9% experienced the mucocutaneous side-effects, 1.7% had hyperlipidemia and 1.7% had nausea(19). In a multicenter retrospective analysis by Lernia et al. including 18 children with plaque psoriasis ,8(44.4%) patient achieved a PASI-response 75 at 16 weeks. The starting dose of acitretin was 0.2-0.5mg/kg/day but the dose was increased to 0.6mg/kg/day in two patients after 8 weeks. Three out of eight patients achieving PASI-75 response stopped therapy for the interval of 2-6 months but had to restart the treatment after relapse and the treatment was effective even after re-introduction. 9 patient discontinued treatment due to lack of efficacy and 1 patient discontinued treatment due to arthralgia. All patients had the mucocutaneous side-effects like chelitis, dry lips, dry mouth and pruritus. The laboratory values of the patients were within the baseline during the treatment(20). Ergin et al. reported a case of infantile pustular psoriasis treated with acitretin with the initial dose of 0.5mg/kg/day which was later increased to 0.7mg/kg/day. The skin lesion was cleared in the end of 4 months and then the acitretin was tapered to 0.3mg/kg/day for three months and then discontinued. Oral prednisolone was used initially then it was tapered and discontinued. Slight increase in serum triglyceride was observed but it returned to normal after the dose was tapered. No other adverse events were observed(21). Salleras et al. reported a case of 4-year-old girl with congenital erythrodermic psoriasis treated with acitretin at a dose of 0.5mg/kg/day and the complete remission achieved in three months. The discontinuation of the drug led to relapse so the patient was maintained in 0.5-0.75mg/kg/day of acitretin during the aggravation of the disease. The patient was followed till 7 years of age and no other secondary effects were observed(22). A case of annular pustular psoriasis in a 14-month old girl reported by Haug et al. was treated with acitretin in the dose of 0.9mg/kg/day and the patient achieved complete remission after 4 months. The dose of acitretin was reduced and tapered at 0.1mg/kg/day and discontinued after 10 months with no relapse in the following three years. The patient experienced mild side effects like chelitis, reversible hypercholesterinemia and elevation of alkaline phosphatase(23). Acitretin is aa excellent option in a child with palmo-plantar psoriasis. A 14-year-old boy with palmo-plantar psoriasis treated with acitretin at a dose of 10mg/day had a good response with improvement within 6 weeks. At 3-month follow-up the patient had almost lesion free. The patient had experienced adverse events like mild chelitis and xerosis but the laboratory values remain unchanged. Later the patient was maintained on acitretin 10mg every other day together with the topical combination of 15% liquor carbonis detergens compounded in triamcinolone 0.1% ointment applied every night(24). Combination with other therapies: Acitretin has been used in combination with NB-UVB phototherapy, methotrexate and cyclosporine A(24, 25). The effect of acitretin together with NB-UVB is found to be synergistic. A case of 3.5-year-old boy with severe pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch type) reported by kopp et al. was started on acitretin 1mg/kg/day with the short-term use of systemic methylprednisolone for controlling the acute stage. However, any attempt to reduce or discontinue the steroid led to exacerbation of the disease. Then the patient was given NB-UVB phototherapy three times per week. Later, after five exposures the corticosteroid was tapered and discontinued. The patient was then maintained on NB-UVB phototherapy two times weekly together with acitretin 0.3mg/kg/day. Disease was well controlled with this combination regimen. The laboratory values remained unchanged during the acitretin treatment(26). A 9-year-old boy with generalized pustular psoriasis was treated with acitretin 10mg/day and was maintained at 10mg three times week for a year. Later he developed skin pain and localized area of pustules which led to increase in the dose of acitretin 20mg/day during the flare but later tapered to 10mg/day for the next year. But the patient eventually required the addition of NB-UVB phototherapy to maintain the remission. The patient is well maintained by this combination(24). Adverse events of acitretin: Acitretin in known to exert a number of adverse events. Most of the adverse events are dose dependent and reverse back to normal after decreasing the dose or after discontinuation of therapy. However, it is usual to have the minor side-effects on the long term treatment with acitretin. The most common adverse events of acitretin is the muco-cutaneous adverse events. Dry lips being the most common one and be treated with the use of emollients. Others include dry dry mouth, cheilitis, stomatitis and gingivitis and taste disturbances. Acitretin causes dryness with inflammation of mucous membrane and transitional epithelia which occasionally leads to epistaxis, rhinitis, photophobia, conjunctivitis and xeropthalmia. Alopecia, nail-fragility and paronychia have also been observed(27). Rarely patients may have the photosensitivity reactions. Retinoid dermatitis which resembles unstable psoriasis can develop 25% of the patients receiving high dose of acitretin therapy(28). Muco cutaneous side effects can be treated symptomatically, and if severe effects occur the dose reduction can be tried before the discontinuation of the drug. Acitretin causes transient elevation of liver enzymes. The elevation is dose dependent and usually reverse back to normal after reducing the dose or after discontinuation of the therapy. Severe hepatotoxic reactions resulting from retinoids are rare. In a data of 1877 patients receiving oral acitretin only 0.26% of the patients showed overt chemical hepatitis(29). However, the hepato-toxic reactions in children are rare because the cofactors like diabetes, alcoholism, and obesity are less likely in children(12). Acitretin also exerts the effects on lipid profile which is reverse back to normal within 8 weeks after the discontinuation of the drug(30). Retinoids are seen to cause the elevation of triglyceride and cholesterol and decrease in the high density lipoprotein. In a study it is seen that 35% of the patients had the elevation in serum triglyceride above 300mg/dl and about 15% of the patients had the elevation of cholesterol level(31). The decrease in the high density lipoprotein is also observed(29). Retinoids have been known to cause the skeletal abnormalities especially in children. The long term treatment with etretinate is also associated with the extraspinal tendon and the calcification of ligament. However, the study including 19 children and young adults, treated with etretinate for continuous 5 years do not show any skeletal abnormality(32). No cases of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis was seen in a retrospective study on long term use of acitretin in a low dose(33). No significant radiologic abnormalities associated with retinoids was detected in a patient of severe pustular psoriasis treated with low dose of acitretin for 9 years(34). It is usually not recommended to use oral retinoids for the treatment of psoriasis in children due to the report of occasional bone changes like premature epiphyseal closure, skeletal hyperostosis and extra-osseous calcification observed in the children on the long term treatment with etretinate(35, 36). If acitretin is to be used in a child, the child should be observed carefully for any abnormalities of growth and bone development. Routine radiography is not recommended because of the radiation hazards, but the atypical musculoskeletal pain must be investigated with x-rays. Growth chart of the child on acitretin should be maintained (27). Arthralgia, arthritis, myalgia may also occur during the treatment with acitretin. A few case of vasculitis, Wegener granulomatosis and erythema nodosum are also observed. Retinoids are teratogenic drugs. The defect due to retinoids is termed as retinoic acid embryopathy. The malformations seen in the fetus include microtia/anotia, micrognathia, cleft-palate, conotruncal heart disease and aortic arch abnormalities, thymic defects, retinal or optic nerve abnormalities and central nervous system malformations(37). Even though only one report of human teratogenicity due to acitretin has been published(27), acitretin should be cautiously used as acitretin is converted to etretinate which has a longer elimination half-life. The female patient of child-bearing should strictly be instructed for the use of two effective contraceptive method stating 1-month prior of treatment, during the period of treatment and 3 years after the discontinuation of treatment(38). However, the risk of teratogenicity by use of acitretin in children is less because of the least chance of a child to get pregnant. The concomitant use of retinoid with tetracycline and minocycline has led to pseudo-tumour cerebri(29). Pseudo-tumor cerebri was reported in a case of 14-year-old boy treated with isotretinoin and tetracycline(39). Retinoids also causes blurring of vision, headache and reduced night vision. Patient with severe headache, vomiting and visual disturbances should stop acitretin immediately and consult the doctor(27). The concomitant use of vitamin A with acitretin must be restricted. MONITORING GUDELINES: Before starting the treatment with acitretin, proper history taking and careful physical examination should be performed. Laboratory investigations including complete blood count, lipid profile, liver enzymes and blood sugar in diabetics should be done. Monitoring of the liver enzymes and fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride must be done every 2-4 weeks of therapy for the first two months and then every three months(27). Children on acitretin therapy must have their growth charted. Female of child bearing age and their parents should be counselled about the teratogenic effect of the drug and use of contraception during and after the treatment. The pregnancy should be ruled out before the initiation of acitretin therapy with two negative pregnancy tests. CONCLUSION: Acitretin is a non-immunosuppressive drug that can be effective in the treatment of childhood psoriasis. It is seen that acitretin is more effective in pustular and erythrodermic psoriasis and moderately effective in the plaque type psoriasis in children. Acitretin is used both as monotherapy and as combination therapy. As the use of acitretin in children lack sufficient data and evidence, its use in children should always be weighed with risk benefit of treatment and risk if the disease is left untreated. The side effects are mostly dose dependent so it can be minimized by using the lowest possible dose. The dose of 0.5-1mg/kg/day was seen to be effective. It should be used cautiously in the female patient. Long term treatment with acitretin require proper clinical and laboratory evaluation. REFERENCES 1.Griffiths CE, Barker JN. Pathogenesis and clinical features of psoriasis. Lancet (London, England). 2007;370(9583):263-71. 2.Al-Mutairi N. Childhood Psoriasis: Springer International Publishing; 2016. 3.Raychaudhuri SP, Gross J. A comparative study of pediatric onset psoriasis with adult onset psoriasis. Pediatric Dermatology. 2000;17(3):174. 4.Kumar B, Jain R, Sandhu K, Kaur I, Handa S. Epidemiology of childhood psoriasis: a study of 419 patients from northern India. Digest of the World Core Medical Journals. 2004;43(9):654-8. 5.Seyhan M, CoÃ…Å ¸kun BK, SaÄÅ ¸lam H, Ozcan H, KarincaoÄÅ ¸lu Y. Psoriasis in childhood and adolescence: evaluation of demographic and clinical features. Pediatrics International Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society. 2006;48(6):525-30. 6.Fan X, Xiao FL, Yang S, Liu JB, Yan KL, Liang YH, et al. Childhood psoriasis: a study of 277 patients from China. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology Venereology. 2007;21(6):762. 7.de Moll EH, Chang MW, Strober B. Psoriasis in adults and children: Kids are not just little people. Clinics in Dermatology. 2016;34(6):717. 8.Kimball AB, Wu EQ, Guerin A, Yu AP, Tsaneva M, Gupta SR, et al. Risks of developing psychiatric disorders in pediatric patients with psoriasis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2012;67(4):651-7.e1-2. 9.Fox FE, Rumsey N, Morris M. Ur skin is the thing that everyone sees and you cant change it!: exploring the appearance-related concerns of young people with psoriasis. Developmental neurorehabilitation. 2007;10(2):133-41. 10.Burden AD. Management of psoriasis in childhood. Clinical and experimental dermatology. 1999;24(5):341-5. 11.Orfanos CE, Stadler R, Gollnick H, Tsambaos D. Current developments of oral retinoid therapy with three generations of drugs. Non-aromatic, monoaromatic and polyaromatic retinoids (arotinoids). Current problems in dermatology. 1985;13:33-49. 12.Gautam M, Tahiliani H, Nadkarni N, Patil S, Godse K. Acitretin in pediatric dermatoses. 2016;17(2):87. 13.Brecher AR, Orlow SJ. Oral retinoid therapy for dermatologic conditions in children and adolescents Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2003;49(2):171-82. 14.Wiegand UW, Chou RC. Pharmacokinetics of acitretin and etretinate. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1998;39(2 Pt 3):S25-33. 15.McNamara PJ, Jewell RC, Jensen BK, Brindley CJ. Food increases the bioavailability of acitretin. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 1988;28(11):1051-5. 16.Grà ¸nhà ¸j Larsen F, Steinkjer B, Jakobsen P, Hjorter A, Brockhoff PB, Nielsenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Kudsk F. Acitretin is converted to etretinate only during concomitant alcohol intake. British Journal of Dermatology. 2000;143(6):1164-9. 17.Lacour M, Mehta-Nikhar B, Atherton DJ, Harper JI. An appraisal of acitretin therapy in children with inherited disorders of keratinization. The British journal of dermatology. 1996;134(6):1023-9. 18.Cordoro KM. Systemic and light therapies for the management of childhood psoriasis: part II. Skin Therapy Letter. 2008;13(4):1-3. 19.Ergun T, Seckin Gencosmanoglu D, Alpsoy E, Bulbul-Baskan E, Saricam MH, Salman A, et al. Efficacy, safety and drug survival of conventional agents in pediatric psoriasis: A multicenter, cohort study. J Dermatol. 2016. 20.Di LV, Bonamonte D, Lasagni C, Belloni FA, Cambiaghi S, Corazza M, et al. Effectiveness and Safety of Acitretin in Children with Plaque Psoriasis: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis. Pediatric Dermatology. 2016;33(5):530-5. 21.Ergin S, Ersoy-Evans S, Sahin S, Ozkaya O. Acitretin is a safe treatment option for infantile pustular psoriasis. Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2009;19(6):341-3. 22.Salleras M, Sanchez-Regaà ±a M, Umbert P. Congenital Erythrodermic Psoriasis: Case Report and Literature Review. Pediatric Dermatology. 1995;12(3):231-4. 23.Haug V, Benoit S, Wohlleben M, Hamm H. Annular pustular psoriasis in a 14-month-old girl: a therapeutic challenge. The Journal of dermatological treatment. 2017:1-6. 24.Marqueling AL, Cordoro KM. Systemic treatments for severe pediatric psoriasis: a practical approach. Dermatologic clinics. 2013;31(2):267-88. 25.de Oliveira ST, Maragno L, Arnone M, Fonseca Takahashi MD, Romiti R. Generalized pustular psoriasis in childhood. Pediatr Dermatol. 2010;27(4):349-54. 26.Kopp T, Karlhofer F, Szà ©pfalusi Z, Schneeberger A, Stingl G, Tanew A. Successful use of acitretin in conjunction with narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in a child with severe pustular psoriasis, von Zumbusch type. Digest of the World Core Medical Journals. 2005;151(4):912-6. 27.Ormerod AD, Campalani E, Goodfield MJ. British Association of Dermatologists guidelines on the efficacy and use of acitretin in dermatology. British Journal of Dermatology. 2010;162(5):952-63. 28.Kragballe K, Jansen CT, Geiger JM, Bjerke JR, Falk ES, Gip L, et al. A double-blind comparison of acitretin and etretinate in the treatment of severe psoriasis. Results of a Nordic multicentre study. Acta dermato-venereologica. 1989;69(1):35-40. 29.Katz HI, Waalen J, Leach EE. Acitretin in psoriasis: an overview of adverse effects. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1999;41(3 Pt 2):S7-s12. 30.Vahlquist C, Selinus I, Vessby B. Serum lipid changes during acitretin (etretin) treatment of psoriasis and palmo-plantar pustulosis. Acta dermato-venereologica. 1988;68(4):300-5. 31.Gupta AK, Goldfarb MT, Ellis CN, Voorhees JJ. Side-effect profile of acitretin therapy in psoriasis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1989;20(6):1088-93. 32.Glover MT, Peters AM, Atherton DJ. Surveillance for skeletal toxicity of children treated with etretinate. The British journal of dermatology. 1987;116(5):609-14. 33.Lee E, Koo J. Single-center retrospective study of long-term use of low-dose acitretin (Soriatane) for psoriasis. The Journal of dermatological treatment. 2004;15(1):8-13. 34.Halverstam CP, Zeichner J, Lebwohl M. Lack of significant skeletal changes after long-term, low-dose retinoid therapy: case report and review of the literature. Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery. 2006;10(6):291-9. 35.Prendiville J, Bingham EA, Burrows D. Premature epiphyseal closurea complication of etretinate therapy in children. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1986;15(6):1259-62. 36.Halkier-Sorensen L, Laurberg G, Andresen J. Bone changes in children on long-term treatment with etretinate. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1987;16(5 Pt 1):999-1006. 37.Lammer EJ, Chen DT, Hoar RM, Agnish ND, Benke PJ, Braun JT, et al. Retinoic acid embryopathy. The New England journal of medicine. 1985;313(14):837-41. 38.Sarkar R, Chugh S, Garg VK. Acitretin in dermatology. Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology. 2013;79(6):759-71. 39.Lee AG. Pseudotumor cerebri after treatment with tetracycline and isotretinoin for acne. Cutis. 1995;55(3):165-8.

Essay --

B00454342 AFST/HIST 283A, Introduction to African History December 16, 2013 1. (a) Africans and Europeans had religious relations. The spread of Christianity was introduced by the Byzantines, specifically in the Horn of Africa and the Nile Valley. They also had political and economic relations. When the European countries and empires, such as the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire, interest in Africa increased, they began to impose their rule on Africa. Europeans saw an opportunity for personal benefits in Africa because of its plethora of natural resources. These empires practiced mercantilism. European nations were the mother countries of Africa. The Europeans would use the colony for natural recourses and once these resources were obtained they would produce goods to sell back to the colonies. Another economic relation between the two was slavery. During the Atlantic Slave Trade, Europeans would buy and sell slaves from Africa. This also resulted in sexual relations between Africans and Europeans, resulting in mixed races. (b) In North and West Africa the Asians and Africans had religious, political, and economic relationships. The trade routes between Asia and North Africa are ancient due to the accessibility through the Suez Canal and the Bab el Mandeb. These trade routes allowed culture, traditions, religion, and ideas to culturally diffuse between the two countries. Religiously, the spread of Islam was mainly due to the expansion of the Muslim political system. Muslims were seen as liberators from the harsh rule of the Byzantines, so the Africans welcomed them. The Muslim government in North Africa allowed religious freedom. 2. (a) African Traditional Religions (ATRs) are pantheistic. The power of a god is manifeste... ... literate and was educated about the world. These elites formed social organizations, independent churches, and newspapers. Once independence was achieved Africans struggled taking control of the economy because they had no prior training, but politically they had some success. Therefore, African poverty was a result of colonial exploitation by the capitalist west. They became very dependent on trade, specifically imports, many of which came from their previous colonizers. However, colonization and decolonization expanded connections between Africans and the world beyond its borders. After decolonization, Africans increased their mobility out of the continent, furthering the cultural diffusion and Westernization of their customs, traditions, and beliefs. They also have altered the cultures of other peoples by influencing aspects of culture such as music and sports.

Rate of Reaction Coursework Essay -- GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investi

Investigate if changing the concentration of an acid will change the rate of the reaction when marble is dissolved in hydrochloric acid. Apparatus Marble Chips Conical Flask Hydrochloric Acid Gas Syringe Delivery Tube Stop Watch Fair Test To make the experiment a fair test I will use the same amount of acid for each concentration. I will do this by using a capillary tube because they are very accurate. I will use 3g of marble in each concentration of acid. I will clean everything out before I start the next experiment with a different experiment. Safety ====== Magnesium is flamable and when it reacts with acid an exothermic reaction takes place releasing a large amount of heat energy. Acids are corosive so saftey glasses must be worn. Method I will use Marble chips all of a small size. I have decided to use 3g or marble chips. The amount of acid I have decided on is 20ml. I will measure this by using a burette, a very thin tube that lets out the acid when you turn the tap; it gets very accurate amounts of acid. I can measure the speed of the reaction by how much gas is given off. I can measure this in cm3 in a gas syringe. When the experiment takes place, I will take the reading every 10 second to get a good graph for the results. If the reaction goes very quickly, I will take the readings every five seconds. I will use acid of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 molar concentrations. To be sure I can rely on my results I will repeat he experiment twice or three times if necessary, because there is chance of inaccurate results for many reasons. Calcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric acid Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon Dioxide CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 Prediction ========== I predict that if the concentration of the Hydrochloric a... ...would have been a lot similar. If I did use Powder however, the concentration of acid may have had to be weakened as the reaction would have taken place a lot quicker due to the very large surface area and readings wouldn't have been as accurate. Secondly, an inaccuracy may have been caused by the fact that the temperature may have dropped during the reaction. This could have been used if I used a water bath to heat up the acid to a constant temperature. You have to allow for a margin of human error during the experiment, some people react slower than others and you have to rely on the person taking the readings with the stopwatch. The results were reliable because they were almost the same in both experiments, even though there was an anomalous result; it happened in both experiments, so the results were still relibale, I have no explination for the anomalous result.

Isaiah Chapter 10 Essay -- Religion, God

The pericope of that I choose for this reflection paper is Isaiah 11:1-9. The preceding literature unit of this pericope focuses on the topic how God uses Assyria for His redemptive purpose. In Isaiah 10:5, Isaiah explains the role of Assyria in God’s plan. Assyria is the rod of God’s anger. He uses it to punish Israel and Judah because they are two godless nations but full of idols (Isaiah 10:6,11). After God’s angers are poured out on two countries, the heart of Assyria becomes boastful. God turns His anger on His rod and punishes Assyria. In Isaiah 10:12-19, Assyria is depicted as a mighty forest and the judgment of God is portrayed as an axe will swing and chop down this mighty forest. Assyria will be destroyed and reduced to a very small number that a child can count (Isaiah 10:19). After the section about the destruction of Assyria, the text turns to the proclamation of the return of the remnant of Israel. The focal point of the text zooms out in the last v erse of Isaiah chapter 10 to bring forth the final scene in which the remnant of Israel will return to their land while in the background Assyria is destroyed. The once mighty forest is no more. After God abandons Assyria as His rod at the end of Isaiah chapter 10, in the beginning of Isaiah chapter 11, God will raise up a shoot from the stump of Jesse (Isaiah 11:1). This shoot from the stump of Jesse is personified as He and this Person is endowed with the Spirit of the Lord in Isaiah 11:2. He will provide justice for all. His reign will be characterized with righteousness and faithfulness (Isaiah 11:3-5). This reign of righteousness and faithfulness leads to many profound impacts and drastic changes to the whole creation. The hostilities between predators and preys, b... ...ath had shown all its power at the death of Jesus Christ on the cross. The resurrection of Jesus Christ presented the power of the Holy Spirit who would transform and brought forth a new life out of the dead body, dead spirit, and dead mind of human. This theme, God will bring forth new life out of the death, will have its final in the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. For all who are faithful unto their death, they will be risen up again with the new heavenly, imperishable body (1 Corinthians 15:35-49). Death is not an absolute ending of human life anymore. In the opposite, death is a requisite for entering a new life with Jesus Christ when he comes back to this earth the second time. At the Second Coming of Jesus Christ, all who are faithful until death will be risen up. They will live forever in the glory of God and worship Him for eternity (Revelation 7:9-17).

Educational Preparation in Nursing Essay

With a consistent change in modernizing medicine, along with the continuing advancement in technology, continuing education in nursing is essential for a variety of reasons. The nurse’s main concern is providing safe, efficient, and effective patient care with positive patient outcomes. This paper will examine the differences in competencies between nurses prepared at an associate-degree level versus a baccalaureate-degree level, in order to provide an evidenced-based understanding of the variation in the educational preparation of nurses. An associate-degree nursing program usually takes place over the course of a two year period, providing the nurse with the confidence in skills and knowledge to be placed in an entry-level position upon graduation. These types of programs focus on preparing nurses for care settings including community hospitals and long-term care facilities—and were traditionally designed to compensate for the nursing shortage. A bachelor-degree nursing program typically takes place over a period of four academic years; and is intended to prepare its graduates to practice nursing in leadership and management positions in a number of care settings (Creasia & Friberg, 2011, pp 25-27). A bachelor-degree program in nursing provides a further understand of not only the scientific and clinical nursing education, but also a more in-depth overview of specialized skills including: critical thinking, decision-making, communication, leadership, case management, and health promotion (The Impact of Educati on on Nursing Practice, 2012, para. 1). The American Association of Colleges of Nursing describes evidenced-based recommendations that explain that in order to â€Å"respond to the demands of an evolving health care system and meet the changing needs of patients, nurses must achieve higher levels of education (Fact Sheet: Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce, 2012, para. 5).† The professional nurse holding a baccalaureate-level degree is prepared for a broader role in patient care with a higher understanding of holistic treatment, community health, clinical research, and nursing leadership and management. The added course work provided in a baccalaureate program is designed to prepare the nurse for a broader scope of practice and a better understand of issues that affect patients and their health care, including: cultural, economic, political, and social issues. â€Å"Nurses with Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degrees are well-prepared to meet the demands placed on today’s nurse (The Impa ct of Education on Nursing Practice, 2012, para 1).† Patient outcome are the principal for continuing education. The level of educational preparation required by a baccalaureate-degree nurse allows for more equip decision-making in approach to patient care situations. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, In the October 2012 edition of Medical Care researchers from the University of Pennsylvania found that surgical patients in Magnet hospitals had 14% lower odds of inpatient death within 30 days and 12% lower odds of failure-to-rescue compared with patients cared for in non-Magnet hospitals. The study authors conclude that these better outcomes were attributed in large part to investments in highly qualified and educated nurses, including a higher proportion of baccalaureate prepared nurses. (Fact Sheet: Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce, 2012, para. 9) With â€Å"Magnet† indicating a higher portion of baccalaureate nursing staff, it is determined that the nurse prepared at a bachelore-degree level is better prepared to approach a patient care situation with the capability of taking immediate action to provide better patient outcomes, than that of a nurse prepared at the associate-degree level. This goes to show that higher education has a strong impact on nursing practice. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, a better educated nursing workforce will improve patient safety and enhance nursing care, decreasing mortality rate—as there is a significant correlation between nurses educated at a bachelor-degree level and lower patient death rates (Fact Sheet: Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce, 2012). Through this research it is apparent that there is a significant connection between patient health care outcomes and the educational preparation of nurses. It is now established that the nurse prepared at a baccalaureate level is more readily capable of caring for critically ill patients; working in situations requiring critical thinking, leadership, and decision-making; and also taking roles in clinical aspects relevant to non-hospital settings. â€Å"Researchers have identified improved patient safety and lower rates of patient morbidity and mortality; lower levels of medication errors and procedural violations; and fewer disciplinary actions for BSNs (Altmann, 2012, para 4).† The need to continue education in nursing is on-going in order to continue to keep up with the changes in technology, advances in medicine, and to provide the best patient care. The Grand Canyon University Philosophy for nursing education explains: Baccalaureate nursing practice incorporates the roles of assessing, critical thinking, communicating, providing care, teaching, and leading. The caring professional approach includes the values of autonomy, altruism, human dignity, integrity and social justice with unconditional regard for all people. Nursing practice includes health promotion, disease prevention, early detection of health deviations, prompt and adequate treatment of the human response to acute and chronic illness, and compassionate care for those experiencing death. (Philosophy, n.d., para. 8) It is essential to maintain competency in nursing practice through the pursuit of continuing education. The difference between educational levels involves clinical competencies in a variety of settings, decision-making skills, leadership roles, job opportunities, and most importantly overall patient outcomes. In order to provide the best care for patients, a higher education, and continuing increase in knowledge is essential. References Altmann, T. K. (2012). Nurses’ attitudes toward continuing formal education: A comparison by level of education and geography. Nursing Education Perspectives, 33(2), 80-4. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1009642651?accountid=7374 Creasia, J. L., & Friberg, E. (2011). Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice [5] (VitalSource Bookshelf), Retrieved from http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/978-0-323-06869-7/id/B9780323068697100029_p0150 Fact sheet: Creating a more highly qualified nursing workforce. (2012, October 24). Retrieved November 8, 2012, from American Association of Colleges of Nursing:

Tertiary Preparation Essay

I am applying to QUT to meditate the Bachelor of Design architectural Studies beca design of goods and services I pretend a cacoethes for program. I hitnt feel I wanted to go eat up this career path long, possibly lvirtuoso whatever(prenominal) six months. I dupe endlessly had a passion for the afores guardianship(prenominal) area of lean although I turn innt been able to pinpoint the career I unfeignedly want until recently. Once complemental this degree I would like to utter(a) my masters in figurer architecture accordingly create my bear job calculative sustainable, environment completelyy friendly and carbon deaf(p) trapping.I am fully informed of the impacts that ordinal study go away swallow on my smell. With an portendd forty hours a pretendweek of study a sharpen I prolong secured a rise up profiting and whole flexible job for the oncoming age to assure that I be urinate liberal-cut snip to attend uni and study the variant subject s. I use up besides rescue enough m peerlessy over the ag hotshot stratum to pay for the low category of University and rent for 6 months all textbooks, stationary and all another(prenominal)(a) necessities relevant to tertiary study.I charter a domicile routine in my live appointment that is isolated for uninterrupted study and or endure, including a com disgorgeer, printer, internet, etc.I meet that with a four year respite between school and the present solar twenty-four hours I will fuddle close to cognition and skill deficits. The main one for myself is reading, write and translateing text to capital depths. To try and combat this I have eternally tried to read as practically as possible, be it a novel mend in do it or even a websites blog, I nip this has kept me from falling excessively far behind in this area. tertiary MaturityI will waste ones time an architect whether or not I am accepted this year. When I put my mind to something it happens and I wreakt quit even after unseemly objections, as each challenge should drill you something bracing and valuable.I have endlessly been the type of person that goes about micturate truly strategically, finding the virtually efficient, easiest and most practical way to complete the task ahead. This practices to my advantage as a work and also when completing computing device based workBy the minute year of my prenticeship I was release to jobs by myself and get overing with the clients and organizing other tradesmen. I feel that being thr birth in the stocky end as I was, reliablely tested me. I was hence accountable for the performilitary personnelce of the job, including time and money restraints. The suffer three days I have been works by from shell doing rouse work which placed me in a heavily routine workplace and home life. In this time I have travelled to work in some contrary areas Townsville, Tully, Roma and Bundaberg and Mitchell to name solely a fewer. Working in really isolated areas has made me very variable to the ever changing surroundings.I am fully committed to tertiary study, I feel ill will be very suited to architecture because of a combination of my love for the environment, passion for guile and design and my heavy liaison and relate in the twist labor. Even if I am not accepted into architecture this year I will be nerve-wracking to register for a variant university course and trying again contiguous year.Independent Learning StrategiesI am predominantly a kinesthetic mulcter. I get distracted easily and I am sometimes forgetful with short-circuit term information. These are my main flaws, by knowing my flaws I work on ways to fix them. To attend me in this I have several opposite fixes, one being a journal which all work related items get placed in, linked phone and reckoner calendars and the most helpful of all, a routine. At the start of each running(a) solar day I check over my journal a nd calendars and produce a list of what tasks I have ahead, how long each one will take and I rig them as I go. I use these methods to help me in work and day to day life. Working deuce jobs, my apprenticeship and my own handyman business has taught me how to pluck time effectively, how to prioritize tasks by importance, time restrictions and deadlines.To manage my stress levels I like to exercise, as it calms me down and keepsme focused. I am up at 430 am every weekday and purpose to the gym, it also clears my head of all stray thoughts so I cigaret start each new day fresh. I also take care to and create music and draw as it calms me down and allows me to find refined when I am stressed.Interpersonal and Communication SkillsAs mentioned previously I have been racetrack my own handyman business while completing my apprenticeship. It was by no mode at all difficult work although it taught me more about interacting with unalike types of agglomerate from various walks of l ife. After operative this business I lay out that I had much ameliorate professional good deal skills.Having to deal with clients and the real estate agent on a regular basis it was requisite for me to be clear and concise with all forms of communication between the two otherwise it was far too easy for uneasy situations to arise.While running(a) for Ambrose mental synthesis as a carpenter I was working as part of a team up for seventy percent of the time. I practically paired up with another inflict ranked apprentice. Teaching and working with an apprentice is a great test. I needed to be able to express my thoughts logically and within reason without confusing them as most of the work and information is altogether new to them.I believe that my spoken communication skills are proven to be very adapted as I would not of excelled in some(prenominal) of the jobs I have had up until now as they all have postulate big amounts of communication in a wide commixture of situations. This is further reassured by both of my references the one from Karen Hornsby mentioning my maturity beyond my age in conversation and in the reference from Brett Ambrose my abilities when dealing with clients and sticky situations at work are praised.As I have not been in an bunk type job or any heavy study since school my writing abilities are probably not to the same standard as most of the other university students. I believe that historic period of having to egest often viaemails for work in a highly professional manner and that this PCA is some proof that I have adequate writing abilities.Achievement and ExperienceIn 2009, while I was in year twelve at Mansfield State last School, I was picked to be part of a team that was to build a nursing home to be the main exhi crook at that years HIA Expo in Brisbane. The stand was called the Adapt suffer by Latemore Design. It was a great experience in which I was included in all facets of the plait process, from w elding the subfloor together by dint of to lay on the roof. During this come across is where I started to coach keen quest in the edifice industry and in modular housing as it was my first real involvement in it.After the Adapt House I was certain that I wanted to work in the edifice industry. I had a fascination with the mighty structures that man could build. I just didnt know what part of the mental synthesis industry I wanted to work in. Once refinement school I started my carpentry apprenticeship. I worked the majority of my first year building new homes in the Brisbane area and found not a lot of interest or challenge to it at all. I thus requested a lurch to a different family hoping I will be able to go out and participate in a wider variety of work. That was the best move I could have made.I ended up working for Ambrose edifice, a large insurance detergent builder with an impeccable reputation for quality and gaiety assurance. I worked my fingers to the bone for them and after a couple of months my hard work started to pay off. At first I was minded(p) minor tasks to organize jobs, predominantly work by myself. I showed a lot of initiative and drive while doing these and I thoroughly be intimateed what I was doing. Because of this, I was reach larger and more complicated tasks where I was not exactly organizing myself but other trades as soundly. Halfway through the uphold year of my apprenticeship I was teaching one of the information processing systems at work a few computer literacy basics. Seeing that I had skills in the field I was asked to help articulate and improve their estimating programs. To do so I requested to beable to receive more about what I was trying to improve.For a couple of weeks I labelled along with another estimator training the basics, asking as many questions as I could and trying my best not to make too many mistakes. I caught on quickly and was soon heading to sites estimating jobs ranging betwee n $10 000 and $100 000 by myself. After a couple of months I had shown great improvements and was consequently able to go on estimating larger jobs going up to around $400 000. During each day of estimating I would take notes on different features and procedures on the program and how they needed to be added, removed or improved. This was all then brought up at the weekly office meetings that the estimators would have. The program ended up working cleanly and concisely, with very few faults overall.I really enjoyed this part of the job and I was good at it. From then on still in my apprenticeship I was asked to carry off jobs estimate when they had too much work and also complete carpentry work. It was quite a the balancing act but I managed, first priorities being the supervising, followed by the estimating and then the carpentry work as we always had plenty of carpenters for labor work. While going through the rest of my apprenticeship I was easy groomed to be infer a fulltime estimator once I had finished my apprenticeship. The but really solid factors that stopped me from pursue that career path was the lack of creative thinking involved and the repetitive nature of the work. consequently I found Architecture very interesting and was keen to explore this.I have also completed various low grade first aid courses through St Johns. This training has been quite usable while I have been working on construction sites. Working for Ambrose expression I was the unofficial first aid officer I just didnt have to deal with any of the paperwork side. I would always get contacted first when an exigency situation was in motion and people were unsure of what to do as I have knowledge and a bit of experience in the field. A few major worksite injuries that I have had to temporarily treat were snake bites, a disconnected arm, broken wrists and ankles and lacerations via knives and an angle grinder. I have always really enjoyed helping people like this and it give s me great satisfaction when they have been properly taken care of. due to my enjoyment and interest infirst aid I still intend to study further into the field.After I qualified as a carpenter I left my job for Ambrose Building due to the fact that I had worked away from home for three years straight and need a break and my accessible life back. I then started at a building firm in Brisbane called Carpentology. I was working on a multi-million dollar upgrade to a excavation magnates property. While thither I was in the main building the two aircraft hangers there. It was excellent to learn more of the commercial side to the building industry as I have not had all the much to do with it. I learnt more about the forces that employ to large structures, the different materials and products used in commercial work and the incredible designs that can be engineered to millimeter precision.I have packed my life full of work in the past four years and doing so I have had to sacrifice a few personal pastimes and hobbies. unrivaled of these being AFL which I achieved quite strong in. I played for the Springwood Pumas FC for seven years, getting heavily involved the the club. While there my team won three function one premierships and were runners up for another two. During my years there I won a few awards being, best and fairest twice, most improved once and the one pecenter on two other occasions. Although I seaportt played now for four years I try to stay an lively member of the club.Skills and knowledgeI havent completed a study skills course or any stately training for university preparation although I dont believe that this will injury me as I have healthy self-discipline, the ability the apply myself very puff up and I know how to use the library to its fullest, I am very computer literate and the most important of all, I want to learn.As I am computer literate, proof of this can be found in the attached earn of recommendation from Brett Ambrose a nd in this typed and printed essay. Not only am I proficient in those areas on the computer but I am also quite competent on a few design programs such as Revit and Google Sketchup. I enjoy drawing different urban designs as experimentation and I have so sincestarting my apprenticeship. I have always wanted to design and build my own house. I usually try to take ideas and inspiration from different types of living situations and environments (urban and rural), current buildings I have worked on and from places I have visited here and overseas. I then use the different programs to create a 3d image of the building. Being a qualified carpenter I also like to try and design different tools for around the worksite that would make life easier and safer. I feel it is one thing to work drawing but it really comes to life when you can create the 3d model. I also use Photoshop which might come in handy through architecture although I currently only use it for photo editing to my own pictur es as photography Is another hobby of mine.As for academic ability, the only real academe that I have been involved with, is what was required at TAFE, the STAT test that I participated in this year and the first aid certificates. Although I did not do extremely well in the verbal reasoning character of it, a percentile rank of 54, I feel I did quite well in the quantitive reasoning with a percentile rank of 97. I think that this will aid me with my future studies as all building design and anything to do with the constructions industry is always heavy on mathematics.The aforesaid(prenominal) duties such as supervising for Ambrose Building helped me with my problem solving skills. Being solely renovation work we always have to match existing materials and appearances which can be sometimes difficult, especially when working on heritage buildings. For example the Hubringer Hall museum in Cardwell which was destroyed in Cyclone Yasi. We had to completely reconstruct the structure t o modern regulations whilst also retaining the heritage listing of the building as it was reinforced in the 1890s. The project took longer than expect but ended up a great success.My abilities to analyse, organise information, evaluate and interpret issues were honed when I was estimating for Ambrose as mentioned beforehand. If I wasnt able to create an accurate estimate based on the property and circumstances, the company would suffer financially on the project when going to undertake the works.Going through my carpentry apprenticeship as I did and take up all the extra skills and knowledge I have in the building industry and the maturity and experience I have from working in the real world, I feel it gives me a wide advantage over others applying for architecture. I think everyone should know how a house is make before they try and design one.

Dear Manny and Jennifer

Good day Before anything else, my father and I would interchangeable to express our deepest gratitude to both of you with regard to the trustworthy estate properties information in Phuket, Thailand.Your suggestions were closely considered and later thinking things thoroughly, my father indicated that he would like to subvert a hotel that is fully established and is currently in business. Another possibility would be a hotel that is in all erected and would be in full operation in a few months time.My father decided on this as he is concerned that it would be baffling if he bought a property that is not in so far established since he has very little friendship about Thailands real estate laws and regulations. He overly understands the trouble of having to deal with the hotel in Phuket while he is in Hong Kong and so he believes that this is the top hat management to do it.My father is also wondering about the cost of these properties. Is it possible that the prices be forw arded so that he can decide better? I would like to assure both of you that he is not surge to buy a property, so please do not worry. He is actually waiting for the best one in the market, and, when the opportunity comes, you can be sure that he will buy it salutary away.Again, thank you so much for your help. Your efforts are greatly appreciated. Without you two, we would not have been able to look in to this. We hope to hear from soon.Sincerely

Algebraic expressions.Elementary and Intermediate Algebra Essay

algebraical nerves creative activity In the display to Algebra, the graduation exercise duty assignment for the rootage workweek leave al adept ask development existing rime in behind of integers to change expressions. Everyone require to organize his/her cadence to quail at the rules and the stairs which be followed in algebra as this depart give a cover rear for the algebraic expression makeing. bingle involve to understand the mathematical innate elements so as not to bewilder problems in puzzle out whatever algebraic problems. For instance, one needs to be substantiate with the properties of integers as these ar the resembling properties which hire to the actual numbers. The prototypic timbre in transaction with comp atomic number 18s is removing the diversion. If an compare requires you nullify the deflexion from the equating, diffusion becomes a necessity. a identical(p) cost should be sort unneurotic when multiplying the integ ers that are at heart the aside to coiffe whatever indicated deed (Dugopolski, M.(2012), 2, p.67). The followers is how I act to grasp the appoint equations in the simplest form. In the left wing office of the page, I move one over put the mathematic equation, and in the rightfield side at that place is my commentary of the stairs I followed.2a(a-5)+4(a-5) equivalence=2a-10a+4a-20 overthrow the apportionable properties from the diversion= 2a -6a-20 indeed we stick around the coefficient.=a- 3a 10 consequently we modify the expression.In the following(a) equation,2.2w-3+3(w-4)-5(w-6) the equation=2w-3+3w-12-5w+30 transpose the dispersive properties from the deviation=2w+3w-5w-3-12+30 consequently we come the coefficients and.=15 liquefy themIn the triplet equation,3. 0.05(0.3m+35n)-0.8(-0.09n-22m) the equation=0.015m+1.75n+0.072n+17.6m run into the allocable dimension from the parenthesis=0.015m+17.6m+1.75n+0.072n modify by move the like hurt u nitedly and=17.615m+1.822n flux themReferencesDugopolski, M. (2012). chief(a) and modal(a) Algebra. new York, NY McGraw-Hill. reference point account