Work and employment

Work and employment Work is the most important thing in life. From all the trouble, for all the ills you can find only one escape at work. Hemingway Life without work is not possible. People spend most of life time at work, position at work shows persons position in life, good career position shows persons achievements in life. Also work is persons identity: it means that profession and sphere of work influence person the most, it determines his knowledge, his view points and also a way to show who a person is. Work is something where people constantly discover themselves, their potential, their character and talants it is a mean of self-identification. It is necessary to point out the view of sociologist William Julius Wilson about the impact of employment on people: In the absence of regular employment, a person lacks not only a place in which to work and the receipt of regular income but also a coherent organization of the present that is a concrete system of expectations and goals.Regular employment provides the anchor for the spatial and temporal aspects of daily life.It determines where you are going to be and when you are going to be there.In the absence of regular employment, life, including family life, becomes less coherent.Persistent unemployment, and irregular employment hinder rational planning in daily life, a necessary condition of adaptation to an industrial economy. (Dubin, R 1998) The work a very important part of life, a working man gets colleagues, perhaps with friends, he has a sense of community with fellow workers, the purpose and schedule of the day, its status allows us to determine among others, gives a sense of dignity, a pride in personal achievements. Most every conversation with a previously unknown person begins with the words: In what area do you work?. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, published by the United Nations, the right to work is one of the most important rights of every person. However, this right is not always guaranteed. Job stability depends on many things starting with the state of the local economy and ending the situation in the world market.Nevertheless, when people lose their jobs or when they face this danger, the consequence are often protests, riots and strikes. What is a good job?Of course, everyone has their own opinion on this issue.For some good work is the use of advanced technology, freedom of ideas and participation in future projects.For someone a stable job, a good team and career prospects.Moreover, one of the key points of the company is to create better conditions for work, which correspond to the expectations of employees. The role of work in human and social development lies not only in creating the material and spiritual values, but that in the work man himself reveals his ability to acquire useful skills, complements and enriches the knowledge.The creative nature of work is reflected in the emergence of new ideas, advanced technologies, more sophisticated and high-performance tools, new products, materials, energy, which, in turn, lead to the development needs. While working people enter the social and labor relations, interacting with each other. Social relations allow to determine the social significance, role, place and social position of individuals and groups. It is important to point out the main reasons of importance of work. Economical reasons: work is a mean of earning for each person. Employment means a stable earning to person, his financial independence, and confidence in good and safe life. Nowadays employment gives also a lot of social guarantees and assurances, like medical insurance, paid vacation and so on. Employers often try to create better conditions for work of talented and skilled professionals, offers a high salary and a variety of incentive programs for employees.Employers are concerned about creating comfortable conditions for work, pay for lunch and sports activities for employees these are social and economic preferences of employed people.. Psychological reasons : work not only generates income but also contributes to psychological well-being.The work satisfies the desire to be a useful member of society and have meaning in life.In addition, from it to some extent depends on self-esteem.Therefore, someone who has more money than enough to meet their needs or who are eligible to retire, still prefers to work.Yes, work is so important that its absence usually entail serious social problems. The word work has always been associated with emotions. As a psychologist I. EB Duvoye said: Going back to work, you should be pleased by the work itself and from the fact that the world needs it. With these lives the heavens, and they are as close as you can to reach them. Without this with work that youhate, which is solid boredom, and which does not need the world your life hell. () Sociological reasons: social activity of the same importance for the maintenance of human health, as sports, diet or medication.Each person understand how important it is to be in a social group and identify themselves with any particular group. The study of British and Australian scientists published the London newspaper The Daily Express shows that active communication within different social groups and communities reduces the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and even influenza. Many diseases, first of all, are the psychological consequence of lack of positive communication rights. (Dubin, R 1998) When person is employed, he fulfills certain economic and social role in the society. Different people can fulfill different kinds of work, and it is important to note that all the professions and all workers are important for society. Also, work and employment are connected with the term social division of labor the process of separating different types of work between different members of society and social groups, the simultaneous coexistence and interaction of different types of work. So, being employed person gets a certain position in the society, he becomes of certain value and importance for society. On the professional basis people unite together in r groups, that is always people engaged in the same type of work.So when person chooses his working sphere and place, he becomes accepted into a certain group of people with their own ethical norms, rules, principles, values and lifestyles. Also, employment and work make people dependent on society and country, on economic and political situation in it. Employed person becomes dependent on countrys policy of employment, he begins to have certain rights and responsibilities. So, work and employment make people both dependent and independent, but anyway work is an integral part of human life. Works cited: Woodd M. 2000. The psychology of career theory a new perspective?.Career, No5, pp. 273-80 R.Dubin. 1998. The World Of Work: Industrial Society and Human Relations, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliff, NJ E.Lee. 1996. Globalization and employment, International Labour Review, Vol. 135 No.5, pp.485-498. Alan Fox.1998. Beyond Contract: Work, Power and Trust Relations. Farber and Farber Lisa K. Berger,Sonya K. Sedivy, Ron A. Cisler. 2009. The Influence of Work Environment Stressors and Individual Social Vulnerabilities on Employee Problem Drinking. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, Vol.9, No.3,July 2009, pp. 263 281

A Study on the Interpretation of Dreams

Interpreting dreams has been a subject of interest for thousands of years. There have been many theories formed by top scientists and psychologists, but dreams still remain a mystery. There are websites all over the Internet that promise to decode dreams in just a few easy steps, but most of those are for fun and entertainment.What do professionals have to say about the interpretation of dreams? That is the question this paper seeks to answer. As with any somewhat scientific subject, there are as many answers as questions. The writer will start with the earliest information about dreams, and explain the prevalent theories, both past and present, about dream interpretation.Dreams have been fascinating people for as long as there have been people on the Earth. The very first mention of a dream comes from ancient Babylon, around the year 3000 B.C. (Biele and Piotrowski, 1986).The dream is only mentioned in passing on a stela carved to commemorate a great achievement by a â€Å"God-fear ing man,† but the fact that it was mentioned at all gives us an idea of how important dreams were to the ancients (Biele and Piotrowski, 1986). People made â€Å"consulting dreams† before taking any action a regular part of life up to the 16th Century, A.D., and no doubt many people still follow the practice (Biele and Piotrowski, 1986).Perhaps the two most noted â€Å"dream interpreters† were Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. Freud wrote his book, The Interpretation of Dreams , in 1955, and it immediately caused a stir. Freud asserted that, â€Å"the scientific theories of dreams leave no room for any problem of interpreting them, since in their view a dream is not a mental act at all . . . † (p.96).He highly disagreed with the idea that dreams meant nothing. He did not agree with the ideas of dreams being interpreted â€Å"symbolically† or by â€Å"decoding† (Freud, 1955, p. 96-97). Instead, he claimed to have found a â€Å"scientific methodâ⠂¬  to interpreting dreams (Freud, 1955, p. 100).Freud explained that he had attempted to â€Å"unravel . . . hysterical phobias, obsessional ideas, and so on† for years (p. 100). He finally came upon the notion â€Å"that if a dream can be inserted into the psychical chain†Ã‚   than the dream could be â€Å"treated as a symptom† (Freud, 1955, p. 101). Freud believed that interpreting dreams in a scientific way would reveal the true problem troubling the patient. The problem could then be treated, and the person would become well (Freud, 1955).Common knowledge of Freud includes the fact that he believed that dreams had to do with â€Å"unconscious sexual and aggressive wishes and fantasies unacceptable to the conscious ego† (Marszalek and Myers, 2006, p. 18) Carl Jung agreed that some dreams could have those implications, but not all (Marszalek and Myers, 2006). He believed that dreams were not just â€Å"disguises† for unmentionable feelings, but they were also â€Å"metaphors† and showed â€Å"creativity† and â€Å"individualization† (Marszalek and Myers, 2006, p. 19). Jung found seven â€Å"archetypes† that seem to appear â€Å"in every culture throughout time† (dreammoods.com).A few of these are the â€Å"Persona,† or the person you show to others, the â€Å"Shadow,† or things you do not like about yourself, and the â€Å"Divine Child,† you as your â€Å"true self†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (dreammoods.com).   Jung’s ideas have proven very helpful in some forms of   â€Å"counseling therapy† because they allow a person to make sense of their dreams and often realize what is behind their problems (Marszalek and Myers, 2006, p.22).Not everyone believes that dreams really mean anything, but most health professionals agree that dreams are very beneficial to people (Waters, 2002). For example, they can â€Å"reveal hidden anxiety, help consolidate memories, regul ate moods, and help to process emotions† (Waters, 2002).One physician notes that major depressives often have a hard time in the morning because their dreams were inadequate to solve their problems (Waters, 2002). Dreams are a time for â€Å"reflection . . . and creativity† (Waters, 2002). However, many physicians warn against getting â€Å"carried away† with interpreting dreams, as not every dream is going to have a â€Å"practical† function (Waters, 2002).However, some lay people do not agree with that assessment. Understand-your-dreams.com has several articles written by Dave Lappin, a self-appointed dream interpreter. Lappin believes that dreams â€Å"speak to us on a spiritual level† because we are â€Å"spiritual beings† (2006).Dreams hold the key to â€Å"a vast storehouse of knowledge† (Lappin, 2006). If we keep having the same dream over and over, it is because we â€Å"have not fully understood the dream message and used it in our waking state† (Lappin, 2006). For Lappin, and those like him, dreams always have a purpose and â€Å"information† for the dreamer.The book, Extraordinary Dreams and How to Work with Them, is something of a middle ground between believing all dreams have messages and no dreams have messages. For the authors, â€Å"ordinary† dreams simply â€Å"reflect daily experiences.† â€Å"Extraordinary† dreams, however, have many functions.They can be â€Å"telepathic, clairvoyant, and precognitive, and some can even be â€Å"out of body, lucid,† and   involve a past life or a visitation (Bogzaran, Krippner, and Percia de Carvalho, 2002). These studies show the cultural differences between groups of people. Many people from other countries and cultures were involved in the studies, and while they have â€Å"ordinary† dreams, they also have fantastic dreams that most modern cultures would be quick to dismiss.The concept of interpreting dre ams runs the gamut from no dream being particularly special to dreams directing our lives. It is difficult to determine what theory, if any, is correct. The truth is that we do dream, and we do often see and act out strange things in our dreams. We see people we have not seen in years, and we work out problems. We dream of ordinary things, and we dream of flying.Perhaps dreams are what a person makes of them. There is no need to believe that every dream will have an earthshattering message, but if a dream comforts a person or stirs them to act, that is all the better. In the end, your dream falls under your own interpretation. Your interpretation is better than what anyone else can give to you, for only you know your true self.AbstractInterpreting dreams has been of great interest to people for thousands of years. Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung are known as two of the authorities on interpreting dreams, even though they have different ideas on the interpretations.Many medical practitio ners see great mental benefits from dreaming, but they caution people to not get too wrapped up in analyzing dreams. Other people take note of their dreams constantly and model their lives around them. Different cultures have different ideas of what is normal in a dream, but in the end we must decide what is normal for ourselves. Regardless of all the information floating about, only we know ourselves well enough to know what our dreams really mean to us.Reference PageBiele, A. and Piotrowski, Z. (1986) Dreams: a key to self knowledge. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: New Jersey.Bogzaran, F., Krippner, S., and Percia de Carvalho. (2002) Extraordinary dreams and how to work with them. State University of New York Press: New York.www.dreammoods.com. Carl jung’s archetypes. http://www.dreammoods.com/dreaminformation/dreamtheory/jung3.htm Accessed September 14, 2006.Lappin, Dave. (2006) The spirituality of dreams. http://www.understand-your-dreams.com/spirituality_dreams.html Accesse d September 14, 2006.Freud, Sigmund. (1955) The interpretation of dreams. Basic Books: New York.Marszalek, J. and Myers, J. (2006) Dream interpretation: a developmental counseling and therapy approach. Journal of Mental Health Counseling. 28:1, pgs. 18-30.Waters, J. (7/23/2002) Why do we dream? experts differ on the meaning. The Washington Times: B 01.

Computer Laboratory Management System

Purpose It is the project about Computer-shop management System. It automates the Systems records, their Selling and Maintenance, Balance evaluation, due to calculation other functions. In other words you can say it a complete computer-shop management System. In this project we can easily maintain systems sales details. It gives information’s of Annual Transaction of products, its services, daily sales, daily Receipt & Balance. We can see the Systems details before selling the particular items & view for our requirement-satisfying item detail. Project ScopeThe scope of project ‘Computer-shop management system’ is to Develop Visual Basic based software to support for daily sale, receipt & Balance of products and maintain the all information of System related items. This software will be very useful for the Big Computer Shop as well as the customer. It will perform as the required task of Automation of product by itself in a systematic way. 8 It will also save lots of time, as system will perform all tasks in quick time profiting customer and shop owner as well, so it will prove very economical in every respect. Product PerspectiveThe Computer-shop Management System is the new, self-contained product. The Computer-shop management system is using vb6. 0 platform. All components follow Model-View-Controller pattern. The user can retrieve information of their shop progress. All pages of the system are following a consistent theme and clear structure. The occurrence of errors should be minimized through the use of checkboxes and scroll down in order to reduce the amount of text input from user. Error message should be located beside the error input which clearly highlight and tell user how to solve it. If system error, it should provide the contact methods.The page should display the project process in different color to clearly reflect the various states. Each level of user will have its own interface and privilege to mange and modify the project information. User interface elements are easy to understand. Part of user interface is wellorganized on screen and the parts are concatenated right. When users look at the interface, they understand which pane is used for which purpose. Each task of an interface is specified clearly and users use them correctly. For example, when users press to any button on interface, they can know which operations are done by pressing this button.The user interface is easy to learn. When users use the user interface, they can know which element is used to which operations. The interface actions and elements is consistent. When users press any button, required actions is done by the system. The screen layout and color of the user interface is appealing. When users look at the screen, it will have a nice vision. Colors will be selected clearly, thus eyes of users won’t be tired. To inhance the graphical user interface I use xp button, lv button and vk frame. Since the application must run on the PC, all the hardware shall require to

The view of the unconscious between Jung and Freud vary in...

The view of the unconscious between Jung and Freud vary in different aspects. These famous psychologists corresponded in 1906, then finally met in 1907 and became friends rather quickly after that. Freud thought of Jung as his disciple, but after the years went by their friendship declined due to irreconcilable differences in the theory of psychoanalysis. Jung deemed that Freud was fixated on aggression and sexuality being the motivating dynamic in his theories. He also thought that Freud was excessively negative towards the theory of the unconscious. Eventually, the two parted ways after Jung left the International Psychoanalytic Congress. Freud’s understanding of the unconscious is organized into three echelons: the†¦show more content†¦Anna O developed symptoms during the care of her sick father. Some initial indications were loss of appetite, weakness, anemia and a serious cough. She then developed paralysis in her arms and fostered hallucinations while going in and out of a normal state of consciousness. Along with many attempts of suicide, Freud’s colleague, Josef Breuer, still made an effort to treat her. It was when she pretended to be impregnated by Breuer and actually developed the indicators of pregnancy, that he finally stopped treating her. Afterwards, she was institutionalized, recovered from her hysteria and became a highly recognized social worker. Freud collaborated with his colleague Josef Breuer on the book Studies of Hysteria centered on the case of Anna O. Freud would note that she most likely had sexual encounters when she was younger because he believed that a ll hysteria cases were a direct result of childhood sexual experiences. In the Studies of Hysteria, Freud thought that the affliction was the outcome of her aggression toward her father’s substantial illness a sexual encounter, while Jung would have thought that Anna O was experiencing issues with the awaited outcome of her life and maybe there was an absence of faith. Since sex and aggression are Freud’s main points in his theories and he also thought that those two were the reasoning behind her symptoms of hysteria, Jung would disagree that they were the reason because he thoughtShow MoreRelatedAgrarian Magic: 20 Theories on the Origin of Religion8239 Words   |  33 Pagesundergirding structure of reality. Some feel that life is meaningless without the values and morals imparted by their doctrine, and yearn for consolation for their misfortunes, pains, and losses (Lamb 2012:6). Through the rites of religion, which vary from rites of magic in that they deal with adhering to law instead of directing supernatural agents, we see nascent humanity using religion as system of exchange, trading â€Å"goods and goodness now for goods and happiness now and later (Lamb 2012:5).† Read MorePersonality and Lifestyle8596 Words   |  35 Pagesefforts to use this information in marketing contexts have met with mixed results. †¢ Consumers’ lifestyles are key to many marketing strategies. †¢ Psychographics go beyond simple demographics in helping marketers understand and reach different consumer segments. †¢ Identifying patterns of consumption can be superior to knowledge of individual purchases when crafting a lifestyle marketing strategy. Chapter SUMMARY The study of personality is one of the most interesting undertakenRead MoreFrom Salvation to Self-Realization18515 Words   |  75 Pagesthe product of a conspiracy hatched by corporate executives in the bowels of the Ministry of Truth, then imposed with diabolical cleverness on a passive population. Neither Ewen nor Boorstin grasps the complex relationship between power relations and changes in values or between advertisers changing strategies and the cultural confusion at the turn of the century. 4My point here is obvious but usually overlooked: Advertising cannot be considered in isolation. Its role in promoting a consumer culture